Mushroom Biomes
Mushroom Infected Cows
Drip effects for lava and water when above one block with air below that (i.e when you dig up, you'll see it before it's too late)
Snow Golems (craftable mobs that protect you, and poop snow everywhere it walks so you can farm it. Put it in a fence'd off box and it is a sentry turret for your home/town)
Blazes (shoot fire like a ghast but more annoying)
Ghast tears (new drop, ambiguous purpose)
Blaze Rod (looks like a gold stick, might be used in item crafting later [magic swords anyone?])
Gold Nuggets (9x9 crafts a gold ingot. Good luck fighting the pigmen to get it, you know how hard the HC ones are)
NPCs (they don't work well in pre release)
Nether Warts (plant in the nether, no purpose yet and can only grow on Soul Sand)
Nether Terrain Generation (much better, you can traverse the landscape better and with less ugly cobble bridges)
New Blocks (Netherbrick, Netherbrick fence, Netherbrick stairs, Zerg Creep (jk it's mushroom biome dirt but same thing IMO))
I think that's about it